PHOTOS OF L.N. TOLSTOY AS A SOURCE OF FORMATION OF CULTURAL MEMORY

Abstract

The article is a study of the image of Leo Tolstoy, reflected in the photographic heritage of the great writer, represented by the photo funds of the State Museum of L.N. Tolstoy. Photos are considered in the context of heritage and historical memory. It shows the imprinting and deposition of the image of Tolstoy by a variety of people who create the context of historical memory. At the same time, special attention is paid to the photographic image of the writer created by his wife S.A. Tolstaya. It turns out that the image of the young Tolstoy appear at the same time with the advent of photography in Russia. It is established that in connection with the expansion of the social circle increases the number of photographers of Tolstoy, who want to capture a variety of moments of his life and creative experiences. In the 1900s, the number of photos associated with the arrival of guests and loved ones to Yasnaya Polyana, who created entire photo collections, which displayed a variety of topics, was expanding. This is the creative cuisine of Tolstoy, and images of him in full growth, and gatherings with friends, and the Caucasus. It is revealed that the photographic memory is heterogeneous: Tolstoy was shot by professional photographers, amateurs, reporters, and images of each group have their own characteristics, but they were all included in the cultural and anthropological aspect of life in Russia. Through the prism of meetings and spiritual quest shown a progressive significance of photography for the social life of Russia. The collections of the museum are analyzed as stages of forming of the visual image in the collective memory. Photos are studied in the context of the lifetime iconography of the great writer. Their positive aspect connected with visualization of everyday life in Russia is shown.