Abstract
Intelligent responsive microcarriers have emerged as a promising class of biomaterials for therapeutic delivery and tissue regeneration, since they can respond to external stimuli and release the loaded drugs in an active manner. Among various available stimuli, near‐infrared (NIR) light is particularly attractive because it can penetrate biotic tissues with sufficient intensity and minimal damage. In this work, a kind of photoresponsive delivery microcarriers (PDMs) is developed using microfluidics. The microcarriers consist of NIR‐absorbing graphene oxide, thermosensitive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide), and biocompatible gelatin methacrylate. Under NIR light, the PDMs exhibit an evident volume shrinkage and effectively trigger the drug release. After the NIR light is switched off, the shrunken microcarriers return to their original size. This reversible process can be stably repeated for many cycles. An in vitro experiment demonstrates that the NIR‐radiated PDMs can actively release vascular endothelial growth factors and improve the tube formation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells. The results from the in vivo experiment also show an obvious photothermal effect and superior therapeutic efficacy of these PDMs in a rat model of tissue defects. These features make the PDMs an excellent drug delivery system and represent a great potential for clinical applications in tissue repair.
Highlights
Intelligent responsive microcarriers have emerged as a promising class of target receptors on endothelial cells (ECs), contributing greatly to vascular formation biomaterials for therapeutic delivery and tissue regeneration, since they and tissue regeneration.[6,7] can respond to external stimuli and release the loaded drugs in an active manner
The reason for this phenomenon was that the hydrophilic intrinsic quality of gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) would not be affected by temperature changes and it could restrain the hydrophobic alteration of the hybrid hydrogels when heated on the stage
A new type of intelligent microcarriers for active drug delivery was fabricated from composite droplets generated in a water-in-oil microfluidic system through a
Summary
The stimuli-responsive behaviors and cytocompatibility of GO/PNIPAM/GelMA hybrid hydrogels were first investigated and optimized. Tion of scheduled drug amounts to desired body regions as a response to a noninvasive external stimulus.[30] In the present study, we generated a novel kind of smart microcarriers, and the in vitro experiments demonstrated that the PDMs could respond to accelerated It took more than 11 days for control NIR irradiation, shrink rapidly, and release biomacromolecules group to achieve a release percentage of 50%, while under NIR . These results demonstrated that by applying the NIR of PDMs, we established animal models of abdominal wall light and regulating the irradiation frequency, the release rate defects (AWDs) in rats randomized into 3 groups (Figure S3, of loaded actives from PDMs could be well-tailored to achieve Supporting Information). The PDMs could control the release kinetics of their cargos according to the NIR stimuli over a long time period, promoting angiogenesis continuously during the procedure of tissue regeneration
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