Abstract
The research on compounds exhibiting photoprotection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a matter of increasing interest. The methanolic extract of a cell culture of Buddleja cordata has potential photoprotective effects as these cells produce phenolic secondary metabolites (SMs). These metabolites are attributed with biological activities capable of counteracting the harmful effects caused by UVR on skin. In the present work, the methanolic extract (310–2500 µg/mL) of B. cordata cell culture showed a photoprotective effect on UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss albino fibroblasts with a significant increase in cell viability. The greatest photoprotective effect (75%) of the extract was observed at 2500 µg/mL, which was statistically comparable with that of 250 µg/mL verbascoside, used as positive control. In addition, concentrations of the extract higher than 2500 µg/mL resulted in decreased cell viability (≤83%) after 24 h of exposure. Phytochemical analysis of the extract allowed us to determine that it was characterized by high concentrations of total phenol and total phenolic acid contents (138 ± 4.7 mg gallic acid equivalents and 44.01 ± 1.33 mg verbascoside equivalents per gram of extract, respectively) as well as absorption of UV light (first and second bands peaking at 294 and 330 nm, respectively). Some phenylethanoid glycosides were identified from the extract.
Highlights
During recent decades, the search for new molecules showing photoprotection has increased as these can counteract the adverse effects provoked by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) [1,2,3,4,5]
The results of this bioassay showed that all tested concentrations of the B. cordata cell culture methanolic extract (310–2500 μg/mL) as well as verbascoside significantly increased the cell viability of UVB-irradiated fibroblast cells, and that this effect was concentration-dependent
When non-UVB-irradiated 3T3-Swiss albino fibroblasts were exposed for 25 min and 24 h to the methanolic extract (310–2500 μg/mL), we observed that only the highest tested extract concentration significantly decreased the cell viability (89% and 87%, respectively) compared with non-UVB-irradiated fibroblasts without extract or verbascoside addition (100% cell viability) (Figure 1c)
Summary
The search for new molecules showing photoprotection has increased as these can counteract the adverse effects provoked by ultraviolet radiation (UVR) [1,2,3,4,5]. UVB is absorbed by chromophores such as aromatic amino acids, melanin, and nitrogenous nucleic acid bases; this triggers different cellular responses, such as apoptosis, melanogenesis, inflammation, ROS production, DNA repair mechanisms, and DNA mutations; the unrepaired mutations can progress to the development of skin cancer. In this way, acute or chronic exposure to UVA and UVB can cause several harmful effects to health, such as sunburn, edema, erythema, hyperpigmentation, photoaging, and skin cancer [10,12,15]. The former involves sunscreens that are physical or chemical barriers able to reflect, scatter, or absorb UV light [18,19,20,21]
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