Photoplethysmography—a non-invasive technique for monitoring heart beat and ventilation rate in decapod crustaceans

Abstract

1. 1. A new, non-invasive technique is described for monitoring heart rate and scaphognathite activity in decapod crustaceans. 2. 2. The photoplethysmograph is commercially available, inexpensive and operates equally well in air or water, in the laboratory and in situ.