Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is an innovative treatment of malignant or diseased tissues. The effectiveness of PDT depends on light dosimetry, oxygen availability, and properties of the photosensitizer (PS). Depending on the medium, photophysical properties of the PS can change leading to increase or decrease in fluorescence emission and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially singlet oxygen (1O2). In this study, the influence of solvent polarity, viscosity, concentration, temperature, and pH medium on the photophysical properties of protoporphyrin IX, pyropheophorbide-a, and Photofrin® were investigated by UV-visible absorption, fluorescence emission, singlet oxygen emission, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopies.
Highlights
The effectiveness of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) depends on light dosimetry, oxygen availability, and properties of the photosensitizer (PS)
PPa has only one propionate group and a hydrophobic ring core, it can aggrein aqueous solutions composed of monomers, dimers, and some very large gate in aqueous solutions is composed of monomers, dimers, and some very oligomers large oligomers [32]
Our team proposed PPa coupled to folic acid to treat ovarian metastases by PDT (Patent WO/2019/016397)
Summary
The effectiveness of PDT depends on light dosimetry, oxygen availability, and properties of the photosensitizer (PS). Photophysical properties of the PS can change leading to increase or decrease in fluorescence emission and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) especially singlet oxygen (1 O2 ). A PS should ideally possess some valuable properties including (i) absorption peak in the near-infrared (NIR) region (700–1000 nm) of the UV-visible spectrum that provides enough penetration of light into deep tissues and energy to excite molecular oxygen to its singlet state efficiently, (ii) minimal skin photosensitivity, (iii) no dark toxicity, (iv) selective uptake by cancer tissues, thereby enabling the decrease of side effects [4,5], and (v) fast elimination.
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