Abstract

4-(Dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran (DCM) is, commonly known as red dye, an electron donor-acceptor molecule that exhibits very interesting photophysical properties such as high molar absorption coefficients, tunable electronic absorption and fluorescence emission energies, and high fluorescence quantum yields. Several DCM analogous have been synthesized and explored for various practical applications that include solid-state lasers, organic light-emitting diode (OLED), fluorescent sensors, logic gates, photovoltaics, nonlinear optics (NLO), and bioimaging of cells. In recent years, a significant amount of research work has been devoted for developing optical sensors based on DCM dye for detection of various guest analytes. The first part of this book chapter describes comprehensive photophysical properties of the DCM dye which include the results of steady-state and time-resolved absorption and fluorescence studies. The second part of the book chapter summarizes the recent developments of DCM-based optical sensors that exhibit colorimetric, ratiometric, and fluorosensing towards selective detection of metal cations, anions, and neutral species.

Highlights

  • The molecule, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)4H-pyran (DCM) belongs to the merocyanine dye category and is well-known in the literature as red fluorescent dye

  • The DCM dye consists of N,N-dimethylaniline group, electron donor and dicyanomethylene, and electron acceptor which are covalently attached by a π-conjugated moiety, 4H-pyran-4-ylidiene, in the form of electron donor-acceptor (D-π-A) architecture

  • The absorption spectrum of DCM dye has minimum overlap with its fluorescence spectrum which was utilized in lasing action, for developing red lasers, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials [2, 3]

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Summary

Introduction

The molecule, 4-(dicyanomethylene)-2-methyl-6-(4-dimethylaminostyryl)4H-pyran (DCM) belongs to the merocyanine dye category and is well-known in the literature as red fluorescent dye. The absorption spectrum of DCM dye has minimum overlap with its fluorescence spectrum which was utilized in lasing action, for developing red lasers, and organic light-emitting diode (OLED) materials [2, 3]. Because of their interesting photophysical and optoelectronic properties, several research groups actively involved in developing DCM analogues for OLED application and for logic gates, lasers, bioimaging, sensors, photovoltaics, and NLO applications. Later in 2012, Tian has published one review article which describes OLED applications of DCM-type materials and fluorescent sensors, logic gates, photovoltaic sensitizers, nonlinear optical materials, bioimaging dyes, etc. The book chapter describes both the fundamental photophysics of DCM and recent progress on DCM derivatives as optical sensors

Absorption
Steady-state fluorescence
Fluorescence lifetimes
Ultra-fast spectroscopic studies of DCM
What is understood about DCM dye?
DCM derivatives as optical sensors
DCM derivatives as metal sensors
DCM derivatives as anion sensors
Hydrogen sulphide (H2S)
Dopamine
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)
Hydrazine (N2H4)
Biothiols
Selenocysteine
DCM derivatives as pH sensor
Findings
DCM derivatives as polarity sensor
Full Text
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