Abstract
The use of contact probes in surgical laser technologies (SLT) allows tissue contact without damage and enables tactile feedback during operations. Among the materials suitable for the manufacturing of chirurgical contact probes, sapphire has been widely used. Indeed, the optical properties of this material allow the formation of a high energy density localized region at the front of the contact probe, when used in air. However, in water, this focusing effect is very weak. In this work, the use of a cylindrical sapphire contact probe associated with a continuous (CW) Nd: Yag laser (at 1064nm) is proposed and studied, which provides, in water, a narrow and high-intensity beam (photonic jet). With the evolution of technology, this kind of surgery can be done remotely. Based on 5G technology, medical experts can bring their skills to remote other practitioners around the world. The obtained results show a linear dependence of the focal length and a linear dependence of the beam intensity of the photonic jet to the cylinder radius while the full width at half maximum of the photonic jet beam shows exponential decay dependence. Such a system could give rise to a new kind of optical scalpel to the ultra-precise laser surgery in water.
Highlights
The concept of photonic jet [1] was presented for the first time in 2004
When a micro cylinder is illuminated by a plane wave, a beam with a waist smaller than the classical diffraction limit is formed on the shadow-side surface of the cylinder
Another characteristic of the photonic jet is its low spatial distribution which leads to a high energy density localization and to a high intensity exceeding that of the incident wave
Summary
The concept of photonic jet [1] was presented for the first time in 2004. When a micro cylinder is illuminated by a plane wave, a beam (photonic jet) with a waist smaller than the classical diffraction limit is formed on the shadow-side surface of the cylinder. The interaction of an electromagnetic wave with a metallic or dielectric obstacle, allows having at well-defined dimensions a diffused light well localized in a space of rather small volume This phenomenon is called a photonic jet [8, 9]. Photonic jet applications have been carried out for the detection of molecules [10], optical imaging, data storage [11], and high-resolution microscopy [12, 13] The majority of these studies and applications were based on obtaining a photonic jet from the interaction of an electromagnetic wave with spherical [14, 15], cylindrical [16] or elliptical [17] obstacles [18]. Such a system could give rise to a new kind of optical scalpel to the ultra-precise laser surgery
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