Abstract
Optical phased arrays (OPAs) are renowned for their exceptional ability to manipulate and direct light beams, positioning them as an ideal choice for solid-state light detection and ranging (LiDAR) technologies. This review provides a comprehensive examination of the current research landscape for photonic integrated circuit (PIC)-based OPAs. It begins by addressing the critical design elements at the component level necessary for optimal functionality. This review then delves into phase calibration techniques and the overarching architecture of OPAs. It concludes by emphasizing the innovative 3-D OPA design, which stands out for its enhanced optical efficiency.
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