Abstract
We propose a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with selectively filled analyte channels. Silver is used as the plasmonic material to accurately detect the analytes and is coated with a thin graphene layer to prevent oxidation. The liquid-filled cores are placed near to the metallic channel for easy excitation of free electrons to produce surface plasmon waves (SPWs). Surface plasmons along the metal surface are excited with a leaky Gaussian-like core guided mode. Numerical investigations of the fiber’s properties and sensing performance are performed using the finite element method (FEM). The proposed sensor shows maximum amplitude sensitivity of 418 Refractive Index Units (RIU−1) with resolution as high as 2.4 × 10−5 RIU. Using the wavelength interrogation method, a maximum refractive index (RI) sensitivity of 3000 nm/RIU in the sensing range of 1.46–1.49 is achieved. The proposed sensor is suitable for detecting various high RI chemicals, biochemical and organic chemical analytes. Additionally, the effects of fiber structural parameters on the properties of plasmonic excitation are investigated and optimized for sensing performance as well as reducing the sensor’s footprint.
Highlights
In the last few decades, photonic biosensors had shown remarkable development in various applications such as medical diagnostics, bio-chemical detection and organic chemical detection [1,2,3,4,5]
Surface plasmons (SPs) are the collective oscillations of free electrons that propagate along a metal-dielectric interface by satisfying certain resonance conditions [3,7]
By using the imaginary part of neff, the propagation loss is determined by the following equation [1]; α = 40π·Im(neff)/(ln(10)λ) ≈ 8.686 × k0·Im[neff] dB/m, where k0 = 2π/λ is the wave number in free space and λ is the wavelength in μm
Summary
In the last few decades, photonic biosensors had shown remarkable development in various applications such as medical diagnostics, bio-chemical detection and organic chemical detection [1,2,3,4,5]. Several sensing techniques are available such as micro-ring resonator sensors [6], surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors [1,3], etc. Surface plasmons (SPs) are the collective oscillations of free electrons that propagate along a metal-dielectric interface by satisfying certain resonance conditions [3,7]. Kretschmann SPR configuration, a coupling prism with a thin metal-deposited base is used, and in the presence of incident light at a specific angle, SPs will be excited on the metal-dielectric interface. The conventional SPR configuration is bulky and not suitable for remote sensing, which limits its large scale fabrication for real time applications [9]
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