Abstract
The detection of microorganisms like Pseudomonas are very important as they trigger an infection in human blood, lungs, and different parts of the body causing various ailments. In this paper, a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) has been proposed to detect the presence of Pseudomonas bacteria with attractive performance characteristics. The sensor is designed using a simple circular lattice of PCF, coated with a thin chemically stable gold layer. The performance investigation of the sensor is numerically carried out by using a finite element (FE) based simulation tool where the highest wavelength and amplitude sensitivity are found as 20,000 nm/RIU and 1380 RIU <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> , respectively. The sensor shows an excellent spectral resolution of the highest value of 5.26×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> RIU, ensuring the capability of identifying a very small change in analyte refractive index (RI) within the range of 1.33 to 1.42. The performance investigation is also carried out altering the diameter of air holes, pitch, and gold layer thickness to explore the variation in phase matching conditions due to the change in structural parameters. As the sensor is adept at detecting the sample with high sensitivity and sensing resolution, the proposed sensor can be highly efficient in detecting Pseudomonas bacteria as well as other organic compounds, and biological analytes.
Highlights
Pseudomonas, a genus of bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonadaceae family, is regularly found in nature, such as soil, water, plants, animals, and humans
Provided that the proposed model is non–uniform, there will be a difference between the electric field near the metal surface for x– and y–polarized light
In this work, a simple round-shaped photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor operating on wavelength interrogation (WI) and amplitude interrogation (AI) method rather than angular interrogation for the detection of Pseudomonas bacteria is proposed
Summary
Pseudomonas, a genus of bacteria belonging to the Pseudomonadaceae family, is regularly found in nature, such as soil, water, plants, animals, and humans. Pseudomonas is a pervasive opportunistic pathogen that triggers human infections called Pseudomonas aeruginosa, resulting in diseases in blood, lungs (pneumonia), or different parts of the body after a medical procedure This bacteria spreads through the debased water, soil, and nourishment. Numerous works have been done to detect the Pseudomonas bacteria using different technologies [21]– [23], but SPR based sensor has gained much more attention owing to its versatile properties and level-free real-time detection capability [3], [24]. Verma et al [24] introduced an SPR sensor using the graphene-based configuration for the detection of Pseudomonas-like bacteria. A PCF based SPR sensor is proposed for the detection of microorganisms like Pseudomonas using wavelength interrogation (WI) as well as amplitude interrogation (AI) approach to overcome the limitations of the prismbased sensor. The fabrication tolerance due to variation of air hole diameters, pitch, the thickness of plasmonic material, etc. is extensively investigated for evaluating optimal performance of the proposed sensor
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