Abstract
The GaInAsP semiconductor photonic crystal nanolaser operates at room temperature by photopumping and emits near-infrared light at a wavelength longer than 1.3 μm. Immersion of the nanolaser in a solution causes its laser characteristics to change. Observation of this phenomenon makes it possible to perform biosensing without a fluorescent label or a chromogenic substrate. The most common phenomenon between many photonic sensors is that the resonance wavelength reflects the refractive index of attached media; an index change of 2.5 × 10−4 in the surrounding liquid can be measured through an emission wavelength shift without stabilization. This effect is applicable to detecting environmental toxins and cell behaviors. The laser emission intensity also reflects the electric charge of surface ions. The intensity varies when an electrolyte or a negatively charged deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which is positively or negatively charged in water, is accumulated on the surface. This effect allows us to detect the antigen-antibody reaction of a biomarker protein from only the emission intensity without any kind of spectroscopy. In detecting a small amount of DNA or protein, a wavelength shift also appears from its concentration that is 2–3 orders of magnitude lower than those of the conventional chemical methods, such as the enzyme-linked immuno-solvent assay. It is unlikely that this wavelength behavior at such low concentrations is due to the refractive index of the biomolecules. It is observed that the electric charge of surface ions is induced by various means, including plasma exposure and an electrochemical circuit shifting the wavelength. This suggests that the superhigh sensitivity is also due to the effect of charged ions. Thus, we call this device an iontronic photonic sensor. This paper focuses on such a novel sensing scheme of nanolaser sensor, as an example of resonator-based photonic sensors, in addition to the conventional refractive index sensing.
Highlights
The word nanolaser has become frequently used in the field of plasmonics
Figure 8a(APTES), shows thewhich changeisina the emission intensity and wavelength when triethoxysilane self-organized monolayer that charges positively, is created triethoxysilane (APTES), which is a self-organized monolayer that charges positively, is created on the surface of the nanolaser and placed in the production of dimethylpolysiloxane (PDMS) channel, and polystyrene sulfonate, which is a polymer electrolyte that is negatively charged in water, and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), which is positively charged in water, are introduced to be adsorbed alternatively
The emission intensity changes according to the on the surface of the nanolaser and placed in the PDMS channel, and polystyrene sulfonate, which is a polymer electrolyte that is negatively charged in water, and polyallylamine hydrochloride (PAH), which is positively charged in water, are introduced to be adsorbed alternatively
Summary
The word nanolaser has become frequently used in the field of plasmonics. it was first applied to a photonic crystal (PC) laser, because its laser mode is confined within a volume smaller than 1 μm by multidimensional Bragg reflection (or point defect, as used in the field). Such a sensing principle of monitoring the resonance detected by monitoring the laser wavelength Such a sensing principle of monitoring the resonance wavelength wavelength is is not not limited limited to to nanolasers, nanolasers, as as evidenced evidenced by by many many reports reports on on sensor sensor applications applications of of passive microcavities, such as silica whispering gallery mode (WGM). There possibilities of various applications for nanolasers owing to their simple principle and operation. Are possibilities of various applications for nanolasers owing to their simple principle and operation. The conventional refractive index sensing was already reviewed in reference while this paper further focuses on its principle and characteristics. Figure schematically shows the laser wavelength before and after the sensing
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
