Abstract
The polarization states of scattered photons can be used to map or image the anisotropic features of a nanostructure. However, the scattering strength depends heavily on the refractivity contrast in the near field under measurement, which limits the imaging sensitivity for viral particles which have little refractivity contrast with their nano-ambientes. In this paper, we show the photon scattering signal strength can be magnified by introducing a more abrupt change of refractivity at the virus particle using antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), allowing the presence of such viruses to be detected. Using two different deep learning methods to minimize scattering noise, the photon states scattering signal of a AuNPs ligated virus is enhanced significantly compared to that of a bare virus particle. This is confirmed by Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) numerical simulations. The sensitivity of the polarization state scattering spectra from a virus-gold particle doublet is 5.4 times higher than that of a conventional microscope image.
Highlights
Viruses pose a huge threat to public health and the ability to detect them rapidly is of great importance for tracking and preventing pandemics such as COVID-19 [1]
In techniques for the direct detection of ribonucleic acid (RNA) of viruses, many efforts have been made to amplify the signal including: detecting the miRNA with a programmable DNA-bridged nano-particle network [8]; chemiluminescence detection of spherical nucleic acid enzymes grown from antibody-conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs)@hairpin-DNA nanoprobes [9]; detecting surface plasmon-enhanced electrochemiluminescence of one-to-one conjugation of RNA with gold nanoparticles [10]; or detecting the photoelectrochemical current signal from photoactive material connected to gold nanoparticles carrying antibodies [11]
We report the spatial scattering spectra of adenovirus labeled with AuNP-hexon protein antibody (hAb) by the polarization indirect microscopic imaging (PIMI) method
Summary
Viruses pose a huge threat to public health and the ability to detect them rapidly is of great importance for tracking and preventing pandemics such as COVID-19 [1]. The far-field optical image of the surface plasmon of AuNPs illuminated by the polarized light shows a distinct spatial distribution which reflects the structure of the AuNPs. This spatial distribution can be utilized to detect virus connected to the AuNPs. 3.
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