Abstract

Biological organisms are open systems as they exchange energy E, information Inf and mass m with their environment (Fig. 1). They achieve the degree of spaciotemporal order (infrastructure) necessary for survival through the flow of metabolic free energy ΔG. To maintain this order and a steady-state (a dynamic equilibrium) requires that the rate of entropy S production inside the open system dS i / dt is balanced by the rate of external entropy S e production as shown in Fig. 1:

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