Abstract
To realize a long-distance underwater communication by using low-cost light emitting diode (LED) and single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), we proposed a method for recovering clock and data directly from discrete random pulse sequences output by SPAD. On this basis, a new communication model is established, taking into account not only fluctuations in photon flux and quantum efficiency of photon detection in a time-slot, but also the phase difference of the recovered clock caused by it. A photon-counting underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) system was built. The effects of the system setting parameters such as the number of gating signals, synchronous character length and baud rate on the average bit error rate (BER) were verified by experiments. The experimental results show that under condition of only average 10 photons in one time-slot, photon-counting UOWC with a BER of 3.51 × 10 -4 and a baud rate of 1 Mbps can be achieved.
Highlights
Underwater wireless communication has attracted more and more attention and plays an important role in military, environmental detection, offshore exploration and disaster prevention [1]–[4]
To realize a long-distance underwater communication by using low-cost light emitting diode (LED) and single photon avalanche diode (SPAD), we proposed a method for recovering clock and data directly from discrete random pulse sequences output by SPAD
The effects of the system setting parameters such as the number of gate signals, synchronous character length and baud rate on the average bit error rate (BER) were verified by experiments
Summary
Underwater wireless communication has attracted more and more attention and plays an important role in military, environmental detection, offshore exploration and disaster prevention [1]–[4]. Ultrasonic communication can achieve long-distance communication over kilometers, but the communication rate is very low (Kbps) due to the problems of high latency, multipath propagation and doppler shift. The RF can realize high-speed communication, the electromagnetic wave is limited to achieving short-distance transmission because of the serious attenuation underwater. Since the optical window of blue-green band (430–520 nm) has less attenuation underwater, the underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) in the blue-green band stands as the best option for underwater high-speed communications in medium and long distance. It has the advantages of small size, low power consumption and high security
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