Abstract
The precise detection of cancer cells currently remains a global challenge. One-dimensional (1D) semiconductor nanostructures (e.g., ZnO nanorods) have attracted attention due to their potential use in cancer biosensors. In the current study, it was demonstrated that the possibility of a photoluminescent detection of human leukemic T-cells by using a zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) platform. Monoclonal antibodies (MABs) anti-CD5 against a cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins on the pathologic cell surface have been used as a bioselective layer on the ZnO surface. The optimal concentration of the protein anti-CD5 to form an effective bioselective layer on the ZnO NRs surface was selected. The novel biosensing platforms based on glass/ZnO NRs/anti-CD5 were tested towards the human T-lymphoblast cell line MOLT-4 derived from patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The control tests towards MOLT-4 cells were performed by using the glass/ZnO NRs/anti-IgG2a system as a negative control. It was shown that the photoluminescence signal of the glass/ZnO NRs/anti-CD5 system increased after adsorption of T-lymphoblast MOLT-4 cells on the biosensor surface. The increase in the ZnO NRs photoluminescence intensity correlated with the number of CD5-positive MOLT-4 cells in the investigated population (controlled by using flow cytometry). Perspectives of the developed ZnO platforms as an efficient cancer cell biosensor were discussed.
Highlights
Nowadays, one of the major challenges is to develop portable and low-cost diagnostic systems for agriculture and medicine
We demonstrate the possibility of PL detection of human leukemic cells—T-lymphoblasts (MOLT-4 cell line), using zinc oxide-based nanorods (ZnO NRs) platforms and specialized monoclonal antibodies (MABs) against cluster of differentiation (CD) proteins on the surface of investigated cancer cells
This study demonstrates that the photoluminescent properties of monoclonal antibodies-targeted ZnO NRs could be used for the development of a biosensing platform towards human leukemic T-cells (e.g., MOLT-4 leukemic cell line) detection
Summary
One of the major challenges is to develop portable and low-cost diagnostic systems for agriculture and medicine. One-dimensional (1D) nanostructures such as nanotubes, nanowires, nanorods have attracted attention due to their potential use as building blocks in fabricating nanoscale devices and (bio)sensors Such nanostructures have many unique properties, such as large surface to volume ratio and biocompatibility, that is extremely important for biosensing applications [1]. Sanguino et al used ZnO nanorod structures deposited on micrometer Au electrodes that function as three-dimensional matrixes, and only anti-horseradish peroxidase antibodies were immobilized [6] Such an interdigitated capacitive sensor technology enables the possibility for a simplified detection approach of direct antigen distinguishing in complex biological samples. The authors demonstrated a photoluminescence-based immunosensor for the detection of Ochratoxin A, which was tested at a wide range of toxin concentrations from 10−4 ng/mL till 20 ng/mL All these publications indicate that biosensors with an optical transducer (photoluminescence) demonstrate significant sensitivity. Schematicimage image of the detection system and the mechanism of T-lymphoblastic cell detection
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