Abstract
We develop a set of analytical approximations for the estimation of the combined effect of various photoionization processes involved in the resonant four-wave mixing generation of ns pulsed Lyman-α (L-α) radiation by using 212.556 nm and 820-845 nm laser radiation pulses in Kr-Ar mixture: (i) multi-photon ionization, (ii) step-wise (2+1)-photon ionization via the resonant 2-photon excitation of Kr followed by 1-photon ionization and (iii) laser-induced avalanche ionization produced by generated free electrons. Developed expressions validated by order of magnitude estimations and available experimental data allow us to identify the area for the operation under high input laser intensities avoiding the onset of full-scale discharge, loss of efficiency and inhibition of generated L-α radiation. Calculations made reveal an opportunity for scaling up the output energy of the experimentally generated pulsed L-α radiation without significant enhancement of photoionization.
Highlights
Generation of high-energy vacuum UV (VUV) radiation is important for basic laser science and many high technology applications.1 We are currently developing high-energy and high-efficiency sources of Lyman-α (L-α) radiation for hydrogen (121.556 nm) and muonium (122.089 nm) resonance lines
Muonium L-α radiation can be used for generation of ultra-slow muons via the resonant excitation of low energy muoniums by 122.089 nm radiation followed by their ionization under 355 nm laser radiation
Ultra-slow positive muons can be used for local magnetic microprobes for nanoscale solid state physics, material and life sciences
Summary
Generation of high-energy vacuum UV (VUV) radiation is important for basic laser science and many high technology applications. We are currently developing high-energy and high-efficiency sources of Lyman-α (L-α) radiation for hydrogen (121.556 nm) and muonium (122.089 nm) resonance lines. This effect can be attributed to the photoionization which can induce the effect of phase mismatching due to the modification of the refractive indexes via (i) Kr ionization and change of Kr-Ar composition and (ii) generation of free electrons. General approach to the optimization of nonlinear conversion of laser radiation is based on the combined computational modeling of (i) the equations of non-linear frequency conversion and (ii) laser absorption effects inducing photoionization kinetics, heating, change of refractive indexes and dephasing..
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