Abstract
We present a joint theoretical and experimental investigation for electric-field effects on ground-state photoionization of Ca. For an electric field with its direction along the z axis, the dominant field-free, doubly excited, odd-parity (i.e., 3dnp and/or 3dnf) resonances of the {sup 1,3}L{sub J=1}{sup o} (i.e., {sup 1,3}P{sub J=1}{sup o} and {sup 3}D{sub J=1}{sup o}) symmetries are coupled with the even-parity (i.e., 3dns, 3dnd, and/or 3dng) resonances of the {sup 1,3}L{sub J=0}{sup e} (i.e., {sup 1}S{sub J=0}{sup e} and {sup 3}P{sub J=0}{sup e}) and {sup 1,3}L{sub J=2}{sup e} (i.e., {sup 3}P{sub J=2}{sup e}, {sup 1,3}D{sub J=2}{sup e}, and {sup 3}F{sub J=2}{sup e}) symmetries. Using a B-spline-based complex-rotation method with spin-dependent interaction, our theoretically calculated spectrum is found to be in good agreement with the observed spectrum from a cross-beam photoionization experiment for field strengths up to 25 kV/cm. We present in detail a number of qualitative features of the field-induced level crossing and avoided crossing in energy between neighboring resonances, their corresponding changes in width, and the resulting variation in resonance structure profiles. A few ''hidden'' resonances due to strong overlap with more prominant resonances are also identified theoretically.
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