Photoinitiation of buthylmethacrylate polymerization by colloidal semiconductor nanoparticles

Abstract

Nanoparticles of zinc and iron oxides as well as cadmium sulfide of different size were synthesized in 2-propanol, their band gaps and allowed bands positions were determined. The foregoing nanoparticles turned out to be efficient photoinitiators of butylmethacrylate polymerization. On the basis of the kinetic parameters of the process a free radical mechanism of the butylmethacrylate photopolymerization induced by investigated nanosized semiconductors was inferred. An increase in the specific rate of the butylmethacrylate photopolymerization with the decrease in the average CdS nanoparticles diameter was explained in terms of the theory of quantum confinement effects in semiconductors and was attributed to an increase in the probability of monomer reduction by photogenerated electrons of CdS nanocrystals conduction band with the diminishing of crystals size. It was shown that a number of xanthene dyes—fluorescein and its halogenated derivatives are efficient sensitizers of ZnO nanoparticles to the visible light. Butylmethacrylate photopolymerization rates grow at the presence of ZnO nanoparticles and sensitizers symbately with an increase in singlet and triplet-excited states energy of dyes studied. Such relation indicates the determining role of the process of electron transfer from photoexcited sensitizers to the ZnO nanoparticles conduction band in the initiation stage of polymerization. Flash photolysis was used for the investigation of the nature and decay characteristics of short-lived intermediates generated in systems consisting of ZnO nanoparticles, sensitizers and monomer. Schemes of the mechanism of the butylmethacrylate photopolymerization induced by investigated nanosized semiconductors were proposed.