Photography and microscopy of the instrumented n‐Izod test

Abstract

AbstractThe ubiquitous n‐Izod test is universal in its use yet condemned by its critics. Rather than criticize the test we have undertaken a course of study to understand it. In this work we report the photographic results taken at short exposure times with various delays after contact is made by the hammer. The photographic studies were made on polycarbonate and on modified and unmodified poly(vinyl chloride) with the notch radius as a variable. These results show that the damage is always contained within the notch. This permits an estimate of the strain rate, which depends on notch diameter. Instrumented n‐Izod measurements show that most of the energy is absorbed before little bending takes place, meaning that the sample is primarily in tension. These observations lead to the conclusion that the test is a high speed tensile test whose strain rate can be varied by changing the notch radius. Microscopic measurements show that, when toughening nylon 6, with small (<200 nm) core//shell particles, the matrix suffers large local ductile deformations without particle cavitation. Rubber cavitation does not occur until after the particles have been deformed by the fracture process.