Photographic strain monitoring during full-scale failure testing of Örnsköldsvik bridge

Abstract

Full-scale failure tests are rarely performed on structures, primarily due to their high costs and the lack of suitable test objects. This article reports the results of a ‘test-to-failure’ performed using a real bridge. The results obtained in such tests are valuable for assessing analytical models, updating finite element models and investigating the real behaviour of structures. The specific intention in these experiments was to study the shear failure of the bridge, which is a less well-understood mode of failure than is bending. To this end, it was necessary to strengthen the bridge using near-surface-mounted reinforcements made of carbon fibre–reinforced polymer bars in order to prevent bending failure. The bridge was heavily monitored during the test, using both traditional sensors such as electrical strain gauges and linear variable differential transducers alongside new monitoring systems such as fibre-optic sensors, strain rosette linear variable differential transducers and a novel photographic monitoring system. This article presents the photographic strain measurements and describes the use of the photographic tools in monitoring and characterizing the behaviour of the failure zone during the full-scale test. The strains measured using the photographic method were found to agree well with those measured using classical strain gauges. In addition, the strain contour plots generated using the photographic method provided crucial insights into the strains within the bridge’s failure zone. This study was conducted under the remit of the EU ‘Sustainable Bridges’ Project.