Photographic Examination of Student Lunches in Schools Using the Balanced School Day Versus Traditional School Day Schedules

Abstract

Background. Canadian schools have broadly adopted a schedule where school days are divided into 3 blocks with 2 breaks. Given childhood obesity rates, changes affecting diet should be examined. The aim of this study was to (1) compare calories and composition of lunches from students attending schools, using different schedules; and (2) analyze elementary student lunches. Methods. Diary logs and photographs were taken of lunches on 4 days. Meals were analyzed using a nutrition software program, and differences between number of beverages, calories, and nutrients were examined for different schedules. Results. A total of 117 students (81% response rate) in grades 3 to 6 participated. Students using the Balanced School Day schedule had more beverages than the Traditional School Day schedule (BSD, 1.42; TSD, 1.18; P = .04). There were no other significant differences in nutritional content of food, based on schedule. In general, student lunches were high in sugar and salt and low in fiber, fruit, vegetables, vitamins, and minerals. Conclusions. Except beverages, the schedule did not affect student lunches. Parents/guardians should (1) increase fruits and vegetables, (2) limit desserts and snacks, (3) supply 1% or skim milk, (4) discontinue fruit juice and sugar-based beverages, and (5) increase higher-fiber, grain-based foods and legumes. These initiatives require community support.