Abstract
Background: Facial aesthetics has been considered as the most significant factor for individual. The aim of the study was to identify the standard linear and angular measurement of facial profile in Aryan group of Nepalese population so as to set up aesthetic treatment goal.Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was done in fifty-seven subjects (27: females and 30: males, from 17-30 years). The landmarks were marked and two most commonly used lines were taken as reference lines E-line and S-line and seven facial angles were measured: Total Facial Convexity Angle (G-Prn-Pog), Facial Convexity Angle (G-Sn-Pog), Nasofacial Angle (G-Pog-N-Prn), Nasolabial Angle (Ls-Sn-Cm), Mentolabial Angle (Pog-B-Li),Nasofrontal Angle (G-N-Nd) and Nose tip Angle (N-Prn-Cm).Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 21. To assess anterior-posterior relationship of upper and lower lips judged by E-line and S-line were determined using correlation co-efficient (r). Likewise, to compare the angular measurement between males and females were determined using Mann-Whitney U test. Result: The anterior-posterior position of upper lip and lower lip judged by E-line were -3.78±0.67 mm and -1.92±0.61 mm respectively whereas upper and lower lips judged by S-line were 0.18±0.58 mm and 0.06±0.44 mm respectively. Statistically significant (p<0.001) strong correlation(r) was found between upper lip to E-line and S-line (0.999) and between lower lip to E-line and S-line. Out of seven angular parameters, four parameters showed gender dimorphism which means statistically significant difference (p<0.001) were seen in Nasofrontal Angle.Conclusion: Either one of the reference line can be used for evaluation of facial profile at the time of diagnosis. The parameters calculated by photographic analysis serve as a comparing guide for setting up aesthetic treatment plan and can be used both before and after orthodontic treatment.
Highlights
The face has been considered as the most essential part of the human body and almost all the individual since from their childhood has the innate desire to look beautiful
The aim of the present study was to evaluate which linear and angular measures influence aesthetically pleasant facial profile that can be useful for setting up the aesthetic treatment goal, to assess the anterior-posterior position of lip judged by E-line and S-line and to find the correlation between lip prominence judged by E-line and S-line and to compare the soft tissue facial profile of males and females through angular measurement
The anterior-posterior position of upper lip and lower lip judged by E-line were -3.78±0.67 mm and -1.92±0.61 mm respectively whereas upper and lower lips judged by S-line were 0.18±0.58 mm and 0.06±0.44 mm respectively which is similar to the norms suggested by Ricketts and Steiner[5, 7,8,9,10] and was similar to the study done by various authors as seen in different literatures
Summary
The face has been considered as the most essential part of the human body and almost all the individual since from their childhood has the innate desire to look beautiful. People do believe especially the adults, if they do not have good teeth and good facial profile, it’s a shame to be in a society. They do have very low self confidence. Facial aesthetics has been considered as the most significant factor for individual. The aim of the study was to identify the standard linear and angular measurement of facial profile in Aryan group of Nepalese population so as to set up aesthetic treatment goal. To assess anterior-posterior relationship of upper and lower lips judged by E-line and S-line were determined using correlation coefficient (r). Out of seven angular parameters, four parameters showed gender dimorphism which means statistically significant difference (p
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