Photogrammetry and GIS for three-dimensional modeling of the Dome of the Rock

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling for archeological monument concerns with actual representation of features, shapes, texture, and fine details which reflect the real-world appearance to the displayed model. Recently, rapid development in digital photogrammetry and three-dimensional modeling technologies has been achieved and participated significantly to maintain the high quality of archeological documentation. With such evolution, 3D geographic information system (GIS) has been emerged with reality. Jerusalem, the old walled holy city, is like no other city in the world. Within its walls have occurred such great events in the history of mankind, the gorgeous Haram Al-Sharif with great Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock. In this study, 3D geospatial processing that include aerial stereophotograph, satellite images, close range images, and vector information was engaged and integrated to generate 3D GIS for Haram Al-Sharif. Three levels of details have been introduced: digital elevation model that represent topographic details of the area, digital surface model that include buildings and manmade features, and finally, a high-resolution 3D building; landmark objects with realistic photo textures for Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Dome of the Rock is accomplished. For realistic representation of the study area, a three-dimensional GIS were prepared, where management, visualization, and flexible updating of such special data can be maintained.