Abstract
The principles for the function of solar cells made with semiconductors and liquid electrolytes and methods for the preparation of components for these cells are surveyed. Methods for enhancing the efficiency of light conversion by creating intermediate barrier layers in the photoanodes, band design of nanoscale semiconductor sensitizers, morphology of wide-bandgap oxide transport layers, as well as the composition and structure of counter electrodes were discussed. Special attention was given to an analysis of current trends in the development of such cells, including the use of low-toxicity and accessible semiconductor and carbon nanomaterials as well as new methods for the formation of nanostructured electrodes.
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