Abstract
Photoelectrochemical photovoltaic cells (PEC PVs) consisting of an n-type CdS single-crystal electrode and a Pt black counter electrode in a nonaqueous electrolyte containing an Fe(ClO4)2/Fe(ClO4)3 redox shuttle were studied as a means of obtaining photovoltages above the onset voltage for water splitting with one-step photoexcitation. To improve the photovoltaic performance, the effects of the redox concentration on the cell performance were investigated by UV–vis absorption and PEC measurements and by assessing the electrolyte using hydrodynamic voltammetry. Under visible-light irradiation (420–800 nm) from a Xe lamp, a relatively high open-circuit voltage (VOC) of approximately 1.6 V was obtained, resulting from the negative flat-band potential of the CdS and the positive redox potential of the Fe complexes. Upon optimization of the redox concentration, photocurrent for the Pt/CdS electrode was increased to approximately 30 mA cm–2, and an incident photon-to-current conversion efficiency of up to 80% w...
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