Abstract
Recycled valuable energy production by the electrochemical CO2 reduction method has explosively researched using countless amounts of developed electrocatalysts. Herein, we have developed hybrid sandwiched Ga2O3:ZnO/indium/ZnO nanorods (GZO/In/ZnONR) and tested their photoelectrocatalytic CO2 reduction performances. Gas chromatography and nuclear magnetic spectroscopy were employed to examine gas and liquid CO2 reduction products, respectively. Major products were observed to be CO, H2, and formate whose Faradaic efficiencies were highly dependent on the relative amounts of overlayer GZO and In spacer, as well as applied potential and light irradiation. Overall, the present study provides a new strategy of controlling CO2 reduction products by developing a sandwiched hybrid catalyst system for energy and environment.
Highlights
Producing recycled energy products using abundant CO2 is another challenging project for future solutions for energy and environment (Sohn et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2019; Prabhu et al, 2020; Song et al, 2020; Bellardita et al, 2021; Chen et al, 2021; da Silva Freitas et al, 2021; Ješić et al, 2021; Ochedi et al, 2021; Sun et al, 2021)
0.5 ml of liquid electrolyte and an internal reference of 0.1 ml of DMSO/ D2O (v/v = 1:20,000) solution were used in a 5-mm nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) Tube (WG-1241-7, Wilmad-Labglass), and a 600-MHz FT-NMR (AVANCE III, Bruker Corp.) was employed with a water suppression method
It was shown that all the XRD profiles were very similar, indicating that the XRD signals were mainly due to ZnO nanorods (ZnONR) support
Summary
Producing recycled energy products using abundant CO2 is another challenging project for future solutions for energy and environment (Sohn et al, 2017; Wang et al, 2019; Prabhu et al, 2020; Song et al, 2020; Bellardita et al, 2021; Chen et al, 2021; da Silva Freitas et al, 2021; Ješić et al, 2021; Ochedi et al, 2021; Sun et al, 2021). Electrochemical CO2 reduction is a promising method, and the development of electrodes is a major goal for approaching practical application in the industry Among many materials such as pure metals and metal oxides, ZnO, indium (In), and Ga2O3 show very unique CO2 reduction products after electrochemical reaction (Sekimoto et al, 2016; Tatsumi et al, 2017; Kikkawa et al, 2018; Lu et al, 2018; Qin et al, 2018; Yamamoto et al, 2018; Zhang et al, 2018; Liu et al, 2019; Ma et al, 2019; Murali et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2019; Akatsuka et al, 2020; Daiyan et al, 2020; Hou et al, 2020; Luo et al, 2020; Tan et al, 2020; Yang et al, 2020; Deng et al, 2021; Li et al, 2021; Liang et al, 2021; Ma et al, 2021; Teng et al, 2021; Wang et al, 2021; Wei et al, 2021; Wu et al, 2021; Xiao et al, 2021; Yoon et al, 2021). Thereby, the present study provides new strategic information on the development of sandwiched hybrid electrodes for energy and environment
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