Abstract
The readout of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spins is essential for applications in quantum computation, metrology and sensing. Conventional readout protocols are based on the detection of photons emitted from nitrogen-vacancy centres, a process limited by the efficiency of photon collection. We report on an alternative principle for detecting the magnetic resonance of nitrogen-vacancy centres, allowing the direct photoelectric readout of nitrogen-vacancy centres spin state in an all-diamond device. The photocurrent detection of magnetic resonance scheme is based on the detection of charge carriers promoted to the conduction band of diamond by two-photon ionization of nitrogen-vacancy centres. The optical and photoelectric detection of magnetic resonance are compared, by performing both types of measurements simultaneously. The minima detected in the measured photocurrent at resonant microwave frequencies are attributed to the spin-dependent ionization dynamics of nitrogen-vacancy, originating from spin-selective non-radiative transitions to the metastable singlet state.
Highlights
The readout of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spins is essential for applications in quantum computation, metrology and sensing
The individual optical readout of such proximal NV À centres requires a resolution below the diffraction limit, which can only be achieved by complex optical techniques such as stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy[13] or reversible saturable optical linear fluorescence transitions microscopy[14]
To the readout method presented in ref. 15, our detection technique is based on the spin-dependence of NV À ionization dynamics
Summary
The readout of negatively charged nitrogen-vacancy centre electron spins is essential for applications in quantum computation, metrology and sensing. Microwave frequency (MHz) photocurrent measurements can be used to detect the spin resonances of NV À centres.
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