Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is suggested to have an impact on the treatment of early stage head and neck cancers (HNSCC). We investigated the effect of PDT with methylene blue (MB) and a diode laser (660 nm) as the laser source on HNSCC cell lines as an in vitro model of surface oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cell-cultures were exposed to 160 µM MB for 4 min and to laser light for 8 min. Viability was proven via cell viability assay and clonogenic survival via clone counting assay. The combination of MB and diode laser evidenced high efficient loss of cell viability by 5% of the control, while treatment with the same concentration of MB for 4 min alone showed a viability of 46% of the control. In both SCC-25 and Detroit 562 HNSCC cells, MB combined with the laser allowed a significant abrogation of clonogenic growth (p < 0.01), especially in the case of Detroit 562 cells less than 1% of the suspension plated cells were able to grow tumor cell nests. Multiresistant (Detroit 562) HNSCC cells expressing cancer stem cell markers are sensitive to MB/red laser combined PDT.
Highlights
Head and neck malignancies compose about 90% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)
We examined the photodynamic effect on these two head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cell lines using methylene blue as photosensitizer and a diode laser at 660 nm at a fixed area dose of 95 J/cm2
We found that Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with methylene blue (MB) and low level laser (LLL) at 660 nm has an effective impact on HNSCC cell lines
Summary
Head and neck malignancies compose about 90% of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Depending on several factors including stage of cancer and condition of the patient, different treatment options are available. Main treatment principles include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immune therapy, or combinations thereof [1,2,3]. Other treatment modalities may be beneficial in selected patients. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a treatment modality for precancerous skin lesions with good cosmetic results and few adverse effects and allows application to multiple lesions [4]. Several studies reported successful treatment of early stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and its precursor lesions with photodynamic therapy (PDT) [5,6]
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