Abstract
Black TiO2 materials were synthesized with different morphologies, including nanoparticles (NPs) and nanonails (NNs), and their performance for the photodegradation of hazardous phenols from model palm oil mill wastewater (TPOME) was compared. For the first time, the black TiO2 NNs were prepared by hydrothermal processing, followed by HCl treatment of the TiO2 NPs that had already been produced using an improved glycerol-assisted precipitation method. Four phenolic compounds (phenol, caffeic acid, ferulic acid, and gallic acid) were combined to represent the model wastewater based on their relative concentrations in actual TPOME. The TiO2 NNs outperformed the TiO2 NPs in the photocatalytic degradation of phenols due to their improved properties, including higher visible light absorption and surface area and lower bandgap and rate of electrons and holes recombination. The removal rate and energy requirements of the TiO2 NNs were also impactful. The TiO2 NNs degraded more than 99% of individual phenols in 210 min and 84.22% of the total phenols in 270 min with the least amount of electrical energy used (96.36 kW/m3), the lowest cost of treatment of a unit volume of model TPOME, and the highest removal rate constant.
Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
