Abstract
Ni-DMG/ZSM-5 zeolite was prepared by ion exchange and complexation procedures. FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TG, and DTG methods were used for characterization of the raw and modified samples. The prepared composite was used as a catalyst in the photodegradation process of an aqueous solution methyl green (MG) dye under UV irradiation. The effect of key operating parameters such as catalyst dosage, temperature, the initial concentration of the dye, and pH of the samples was studied on the degradation extent of the dye. UV-Vis spectrophotometric measurements were performed for determination of the decolorization and mineralization extents. The optimal operation parameters were found as follows: <svg style="vertical-align:-3.27599pt;width:49.637501px;" id="M1" height="15.25" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 49.637501 15.25" width="49.637501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><path id="x70" d="M169 380l92 53q26 16 49 16q80 0 128.5 -56t48.5 -133q0 -108 -72.5 -180.5t-176.5 -91.5q-38 1 -69 18v-131q0 -57 13 -70t71 -18v-27h-236v27q49 5 61 17t12 61v452q0 48 -9.5 58.5t-56.5 16.5v24q66 11 145 43v-79zM169 346v-270q37 -39 94 -39q63 0 101.5 50
t38.5 134q0 78 -38.5 123t-95.5 45q-45 0 -100 -43z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.97,11.112)"><path id="x48" d="M729 650v-28q-62 -5 -76 -19.5t-14 -75.5v-404q0 -62 13.5 -76t75.5 -19v-28h-268v28q65 5 79.5 19t14.5 76v199h-341v-199q0 -62 14 -76t76 -19v-28h-263v28q61 5 74.5 19t13.5 76v404q0 62 -14 76t-76 19v28h259v-28q-58 -5 -71 -19t-13 -76v-162h341v162
q0 61 -13.5 75.5t-72.5 19.5v28h261z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,26.7,11.112)"><path id="x3D" d="M535 323h-483v50h483v-50zM535 138h-483v50h483v-50z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,41.403,11.112)"><path id="x39" d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5
q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" /></g> </svg>, temperature of 60°C, 0.6 g L<sup >−1</sup> of the catalyst, and 40 ppm of the dye concentration. The Ni-DMG particles out of zeolite framework did not show significant degradation efficiency. The degradation process obeys the first-order kinetic.
Highlights
E amounts of several pollutants present in the surface and underground waters have increased in the last years
advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) include many techniques, such as methods based on ultrasound [9], plasma [10], and electrohydraulic discharge [11] along with processes based on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2 + UV, Fenton, photo-Fenton, and Fenton-like processes), photolysis, processes based on ozone (O3, O3 + UV and O3 + catalyst) [12], photocatalysis by semiconductors (TiO2/UV) [13, 14], and photoredox reactions of transition metal complexes [15]
Transition metal complexes play a special role in the environmental processes. eir easiness in change of the oxidation state makes the transition metal ions responsible for most redox processes occurring in nature directly or via a catalytic mechanism
Summary
E amounts of several pollutants present in the surface and underground waters have increased in the last years. Organic dyes are one of the largest group of pollutants released into waste waters from textile and other industrial processes [1, 2]. Traditional physical techniques (coagulation, adsorption on activated carbon, reverse osmosis, etc.) can generally be used for removal of such pollutants These methods are usually nondestructive, and the posttreatment. Degradation of methyl green using photoredox reactions of transition metal complexes is investigated. Zeolites modi ed with transition metal cations have received increasing attention as promising catalysts for a variety of important reactions [21]. ZSM-5 zeolite, with highly ordered micropores, surface acidity, and ion-exchange properties, is one of the most widely applied inorganic materials as catalysts support, adsorbents, and molecular-sized spaces for various chemical or photochemical reactions [23]. The relative photonic efficiency of Ni-DMG supported catalyst and pure Ni-DMG was compared
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