Abstract
Photodegradation (photolysis) causes the breakdown of organic pesticides molecules by direct or indirect solar radiation energy. Flucetosulfuron herbicide often encounters water bodies. For this reason, it is important to know the behavior of the compound under these stressed conditions. In this context, photodegradation of flucetosulfuron, a sulfonylurea-based herbicide, has been assessed in aqueous media in the presence of photocatalyst TiO2 and photosensitizers (i.e., H2O2, humic acid, and KNO3) under the influence of ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The influence of different water systems was also assessed during the photodegradation study. The photodegradation followed the first-order reaction kinetics in each case. The metabolites after photolysis were isolated in pure form by column chromatographic method and characterized using the different spectral data (i.e., XRD, IR, NMR, UV-VIS, and mass spectrometry). The structures of these metabolites were identified based on the spectral data and the plausible photodegradation pathways of flucetosulfuron were suggested. Based on the findings, photocatalyst TiO2 with the presence of ultraviolet irradiation was found effective for the photodegradation of toxic flucetosulfuron residues under aqueous conditions.
Highlights
Herbicides are chemical substances used to manage weeds in the crop field
The analytical method was found linear in the said range as the correlation coefficient (R2) of the calibration curve was 0.998 (Figure 2)
The method was found precise as the Horwitz ratio (HorRat) values were observed between the acceptable ranges of 0.5 to 2.0
Summary
Herbicides are chemical substances used to manage weeds in the crop field. Several compounds have been registered based on the requirements and suitability in the application into the field. The rate of the herbicide molecules was high and eco-safety was a major concern. With recent developments, these are becoming minimized. Are the major recipients of herbicide applications. In India, crops such as rice, wheat, maize, pulses, tea, vegetables, fiber crops etc. Compounds such as 2,4-D, pretilachlor, butachlor, Pendimethalin, glyphosate, paraquat etc. Are very popular herbicides among Indian farmers since a long time. To have better efficacy at lower doses, compounds of ‘fop’ and ‘urea’ groups are coming out as potent replacements
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