Abstract
Toxicity in reaction mixtures of atrazine irradiated on immobilized TiO2 at varying irradiation times was studied using an algal growth test on unicellular green alga Raphidocelis subcapitata and a cytotoxicity test with a RTgill-W1 cell line. The toxicity of atrazine samples to algae decreased exponentially with the time of irradiation on TiO2 up to 3 h for both IC50 and IC20 values calculated for growth rate inhibition and yield. A trend to increasing variability between replicates in atrazine samples irradiated on TiO2 for longer time periods was observed; the trend was particularly pronounced in samples irradiated for 3 and 5 hours, where the atrazine samples caused moderate stimulation in lower concentration treatments (up to 550 μg/l of the initial atrazine concentration). None of the atrazine samples showed significant cytotoxicity to the rainbow trout gill cell line (RTgill-W1).
Highlights
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ehtylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), one of the most common herbicides, is a persistent organic pollutant, and its residues are often found in groundwaters and surface waters [1]-[3].Some microorganisms are able to degrade the herbicide to metabolites such as desethyl atrazine, DEA, How to cite this paper: Klementova, S., Rabova-Tousova, Z., Blaha, L., Kahoun, D., Simek, P., Keltnerova, L. and Zlamal, M. (2015) Photodegradation of Atrazine on TiO2―Products Toxicity Assessment
There is a trend to increasing variability between replicates in atrazine samples irradiated for longer time periods on TiO2, which is pronounced in samples irradiated for 3 and 5 hours, where the atrazine samples cause a moderate stimulation in lower concentration treatments
Our experiments confirm that the photocatalytic degradation of atrazine on TiO2 under UV irradiation leads to a gradual decrease in toxicity to algae with increasing irradiation duration
Summary
Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ehtylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), one of the most common herbicides, is a persistent organic pollutant, and its residues are often found in groundwaters and surface waters [1]-[3].Some microorganisms are able to degrade the herbicide to metabolites such as desethyl atrazine, DEA, How to cite this paper: Klementova, S., Rabova-Tousova, Z., Blaha, L., Kahoun, D., Simek, P., Keltnerova, L. and Zlamal, M. (2015) Photodegradation of Atrazine on TiO2―Products Toxicity Assessment. Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ehtylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine), one of the most common herbicides, is a persistent organic pollutant, and its residues are often found in groundwaters and surface waters [1]-[3]. Some microorganisms are able to degrade the herbicide to metabolites such as desethyl atrazine, DEA, How to cite this paper: Klementova, S., Rabova-Tousova, Z., Blaha, L., Kahoun, D., Simek, P., Keltnerova, L. and Zlamal, M. These compounds have been found among the products of photochemical degradation of atrazine on semiconductors [5] [6] together with hydroxyderivatives of the parent compound as well as of its metabolites [7] and cyanuric acid [5] [8]. The transformation products of herbicides represent an issue of emerging importance since in some cases they represent a greater risk to the environment than the parent molecules [9]
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