Photodarkening profiles and kinetics in chalcogenide glasses.

Abstract

The spatial and temporal evolution of photodarkening in chalcogenide glasses is simulated by a simple kinetic model and tested against experiments. In the model, photodarkening, a gradual decrease of the energy of the absorption edge caused by above-band-gap illumination, is the additional absorption at defects created by the absorbed light. The defect-creation rate is proportional to the rate at which photons are absorbed either directly at the defect site or, alternatively, at a neighboring site. The depletion of the incident light within the sample is included and the resulting equations cast into a universal form that is applicable to realistic situations. The equations contain as adjustable parameters only the time and length scales. Measurements of the spatial and temporal evolution of photodarkening in bulk glasses of arsenic sulfide (${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$) illuminated with green (5145-\AA{}) light at intensities from 0.1 to 7 W/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ for up to four days are reported. Melt-quenched samples as thin as 2.4 \ensuremath{\mu}m have been employed. These results quantitatively fit one form of the kinetic model. The experiments also determine the approximate low-temperature values of the saturated absorption coefficient (\ensuremath{\sim}4000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$), the characteristic profile depth (\ensuremath{\sim}2 \ensuremath{\mu}m), and the initial photodarkening efficiency (44 cm/J) in ${\mathrm{As}}_{2}$${\mathrm{S}}_{3}$ glass.