Abstract
The study investigated photocatalytic water splitting for O2 production under visible light irradiation using neodymium vanadium oxide (NdVO4) and vanadium oxide (V2O5) hybrid powders. The results in a sacrificial agent of 0.01 M AgNO3 solution were obtained, and the highest photocatalytic O2 evolution was 2.63 μmol/h, when the hybrid powders were prepared by mixing Nd and V at a volume ratio of 1:3 at a calcination temperature of 350 °C for 1 h. The hybrid powders were synthesized by neodymium nitrate and ammonium metavanadate using the glycothermal method in ethylene glycol at 120 °C for 1 h. The hybrid powders consisted of two shapes, NdVO4 nanoparticles and the cylindrical V2O5 particles, and they possessed the ability for photocatalytic oxygen (O2) evolution during irradiation with visible light. The band gaps and structures of the hybrid powders were analyzed using UV-visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Highlights
In recent years, neodymium vanadium oxide (NdVO4 ) has been studied extensively
The Nd+ reacted with VO3 − and H+ (from Equation (3)) and was oxidized to form neodymium vanadium oxide hydrate (NdVO4 ·H2 O), as in Equation (6); some of the VO3 − ions formed vanadium pentoxide hydrate (V2 O5 ·H2 O), as shown in Equation (7)
The results indicate that the lengths (R) of the V-O bonds in the Nd:V = 1:3 powders are shorter than those of the other two hybrid powders, which demonstrates that the Nd:V = 1:3 powders have a those of the other two hybrid powders, which demonstrates that the Nd:V = 1:3 powders have a greater photocatalytic O evolution
Summary
Neodymium vanadium oxide (NdVO4 ) has been studied extensively. The structure of NdVO4 depends on the Nd3+ ion, which is dodecahedrally surrounded by eight oxygen ions between the neighboring tetrahedral (VO4 3− ) [1], which belongs to ABO4 -type structures. The overall water splitting is a difficult reaction to initiate by one-step photoexcitation under visible light using a photocatalyst. It can be initiated through half reactions in sacrificial reagents, such as methanol or silver nitrate (AgNO3 ), which act as hole or electron scavengers to exhibit activities independently for the evolution of H2 and O2. We describe our synthesis of pure V2 O5 and NdVO4 -V2 O5 hybrid powder photocatalysts using the glycothermal method, and we demonstrate the microstructure, crystal phase and the efficiency of photocatalytic O2 evolution using irradiation with visible light (λ > 420 nm) in an. AgNO3 solution at different calcination temperatures of the hybrid powders
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