Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of B doped TiO2 on the removal of metoprolol tartrate salt (MET) in ultrapure water (UW) and municipal secondary effluent (SE) using a Xenon lamp (photon flux of 2.99×10−6 Einsteins−1) as irradiation source. The analyzed parameters were MET removal, total organic carbon (TOC), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5) and acute toxicity (Microtox®). The optimal photocatalyst concentration was determined in both matrices. After 180min of irradiation, 70% and 44% of MET were removed using 0.4gL−1 catalyst in UW and 2.0gL−1 catalyst in SE, respectively. A substantial improvement of biodegradability (BOD5/COD) was also achieved. The acute eco-toxicity decreased when MET was degraded and no toxic products were formed at the end of the process. Several reaction intermediates generated during the MET removal were identified and a possible degradation pathway was proposed for the TiO2/5%B(w/w) reaction. Photocatalysis with B-doped TiO2 can be considered as an interesting MET degradation alternative, leading to higher removals and potential to use solar energy, thus, minimizing the operating costs.
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