Abstract
A series of semi-transparent W-incorporated TiO2 thin films (TxW; x = 0,1,2,5, and 10) were fabricated by anodizing co-sputtered titanium-tungsten (WiTi1−i (0 ≤ i ≤ 0.05)). Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize TxW thin films, which confirmed the anatase form of TiO2 as well as the presence of W in the thin films. Optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical characterization showed that TxW thin films are markedly beneficial for reducing photo generated charges recombination. T1W exhibited the maximum charge carrier lifetime (0.29 µs) which is over two times of pristine T0W (0.13 µs). Methylene blue (MB) and imidacloprid (IMI) were selected as the target pollutants for the study of photocatalytic effectiveness of TxW under solar light. T1W showed maximum removal efficiency for MB at pH8. Moreover, response surface methodology analyses revealed that IMI removal efficiency enhanced about three times at pH 4 with adding 255 µM of H2O2.
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