Abstract
S‐ or N‐doping of TiO2 powder having an anatase or rutile phase extended the photocatalytic activity for water oxidation and reduction under UV light and visible light irradiation. For the reduction of water, anatase‐doped TiO2 showed higher level of activity than that of doped TiO2 having a rutile phase using ethanol as an electron donor. Furthermore, the activity level of S‐doped TiO2 for hydrogen evolution was higher than that of N‐doped TiO2 photocatalysts under visible light. Photocatalytic oxidation of water on doped TiO2 having a rutile phase proceeded with fairly high efficiency when Fe3+ ions were used as electron acceptors compared to that on doped TiO2 having an anatase phase. In addition, water splitting under visible light irradiation was achieved by construction of a Z‐scheme photocatalysis system employing the doped TiO2 having anatase and rutile phases for H2 and O2 evolution and the redox couple as an electron relay.
Highlights
Photocatalytic reactions on the surfaces of TiO2 particles have been attracting much attention because of their possible application to the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy [1, 2] and to water purification from pollutants [3,4,5]
We have reported the preparation of S cation-doped TiO2 having anatase and rutile phases and its photocatalytic activity for oxidation of organic compounds [11, 12]
The TiO2 having a rutile phase was hardly doped by S atoms or N atoms because the rutile phase has a smaller surface area and more stable crystal structure than those of the anatase phase
Summary
Photocatalytic reactions on the surfaces of TiO2 particles have been attracting much attention because of their possible application to the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy (water splitting) [1, 2] and to water purification from pollutants [3,4,5]. The development of a TiO2 photocatalyst that shows a high level of activity under visible light is needed. N, S, or C anion-doped TiO2 photocatalysts having an anatase phase that shows a relatively high level of activity under visible light irradiation have been reported [6,7,8,9]. We have reported the preparation of S cation-doped TiO2 having anatase and rutile phases and its photocatalytic activity for oxidation of organic compounds [11, 12]. The absorbance of S cation-doped TiO2 in the visible region is larger than that of N, C, or S aniondoped TiO2, and the photocatalytic activity level of S cationdoped TiO2 for oxidation of organic compounds is relatively high under visible light compared to that of N, C, or S aniondoped TiO2. It should be noted that S atoms were incorporated into the lattice of TiO2 as cations and were thought to be replaced by Ti ions in the case of S cation-doped TiO2
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