Abstract
This chapter starts with an introduction of photocatalytic hydrogen generation. It is followed by the fundamentals of photocatalytic hydrogen generation over semiconductor materials. Based on the light absorption properties over a wide range of photocatalysts, this chapter reviews the photocatalytic hydrogen generation induced by ultraviolet, visible light, and near-infrared light irradiation. Titanium dioxide-based semiconductors are widely studied as the UV-light-responsible photocatalysts for hydrogen generation, while graphitic carbon nitride-based materials are well accepted as the visible-light photocatalysts for hydrogen generation. Incorporation with upconversion nanoparticles onto semiconductor materials further extends the light absorption of photocatalysts toward near-infrared light. The reaction pathways of photocatalytic hydrogen generation and the roles of sacrificial agents in the photocatalytic hydrogen generation are discussed. This chapter is closed with a brief summary of photocatalytic hydrogen generation process.
Highlights
Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production via water splitting is a sustainable and renewable energy production technology with negligible impact on the environment [1] (Figure 1)
TiO2/EG mixture showed the maximum H2 production (190.2 μmol) efficiency as compared to all other combinations. This is ascribed to the faster charge transfer reaction in the TiO2/EG system compared to the photo-generated electron-hole recombination process [431,432]
The interface between the heterojunction CuS@CuGaS2 catalyst and the structural defect of CuGaS2 formed by the addition of Ga3+ to CuS acted as a trap site
Summary
Photocatalytic hydrogen (H2) production via water splitting is a sustainable and renewable energy production technology with negligible impact on the environment [1] (Figure 1). After the invention of photo-electrochemical water splitting in 1972 [2] by Fujishima and Honda, nearly 9000 research articles have been published, outlining the use of various photocatalysts. Most of the research works have been carried out using powder photocatalysts (except photo-electrochemical studies). Titanium oxide–P25 (TiO2-P25), graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), and cadmium sulfide (CdS) are the most extensively studied photocatalysts for water splitting. Many review articles have been published [1,116,163,167,225,237,238,245,346–419] discussing the various features of the photocatalytic water splitting, such as fundamental concepts, theoretical principles, nature (morphology, surface characteristics, and optical properties) of the photocatalyst, role of co-catalyst/sacrificial reagents, mechanism, kinetics, etc. There is still not many comprehensive studies to identify an appropriate sacrificial reagent with respect to the nature of a photocatalyst
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