Abstract
Development of bio-based sorbents (i.e., chitosan moieties) at nanoscale size for the removal of metal contaminants is the main target of this research. Grafting with thiazole heterocyclic derivative gives fast kinetics sorption, highly metal loading, and good recyclability for mining leaching solution. Different analyses tools including (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), BET surface area (nitrogen sorption desorption), titration, and TEM (transmission electron microscopy)) were used to investigate the chemical and textural properties of the functionalized sorbent. The sorption was measured in normal visible light and under UV emission. The highest capacity was measured at pH 5, which reached 0.251 mmol Pb g−1 in visible light compared with 0.346 mmol Pb g−1 under UV for the pristine crosslinked chitosan (MCc). The sorption performances were improved by functionalization; (0.7814 and 1.014 mmol Pb g−1) for the functionalized sorbent (MCa-ATA) under visible light and UV, respectively. PFORE (pseudo-first-order rate equation) and RIDE (resistance to intraparticle diffusion) fit kinetics, the Sips equation is the most fit profile for the sorption isotherms for the MCc in either light and UV processes, while PFORE and RIDE for kinetics under light and UV for MCa-ATA and Sips in light and Sips and Langmuir under the UV emission. Finally, the sorbent was investigated toward a raffinate solution from ore processing and shows promising extraction tools for the most interesting elements.
Highlights
Water contamination is one of the significant problems facing most developing countries
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The sorbent was characterized by FTIR, EA, SEM and SEM-EDX, XRD, TEM, and BET surface area through the nitrogen sorption desorption effect
Summary
Water contamination is one of the significant problems facing most developing countries. The main hypothesis of the current study is the synthesis of functionalized chitosan to investigate their efficacy in the sorption of Pb and other heavy metals in real contaminated effluents under visible light and UV-emission. To accomplish this hypothesis, nano magnetite chitosan particles were synthesized and functionalized with thiazole carboxylic acid derivative. Catalysts 2022, 12, 330 lution and other heavy metals from real contaminated effluents in the mining area through pH, uptake kinetics, and sorption isotherms, followed by studying the sorption from synthetic simulated nature solution under visible lights (L) and under UV emission to investigate the photocatalytic properties
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