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Abstract
Waste tire pyrolysis oil has high potential to replace conventional fossil liquid fuels due to its high calorific heating value. However, the large amounts of sulfurous compounds in this oil hinders its application. Thus, the aim of this research was to investigate the possibility to apply the photo-assisted oxidation catalyzed by titanium dioxide (TiO2, Degussa P-25) to partially remove sulfurous compounds in the waste tire pyrolysis oil under milder reaction conditions without hydrogen consumption. A waste tire pyrolysis oil with 0.84% (w/w) of sulfurous content containing suspended TiO2 was irradiated by using a high-pressure mercury lamp for 7 h. The oxidized sulfur compounds were then migrated into the solvent-extraction phase. A maximum % sulfur removal of 43.6% was achieved when 7 g/L of TiO2 was loaded into a 1/4 (v/v) mixture of pyrolysis waste tire oil/acetonitrile at 50 °C in the presence of air. Chromatographic analysis confirmed that the photo-oxidized sulfurous compounds presented in the waste tire pyrolysis oil had higher polarity, which were readily dissolved and separated in distilled water. The properties of the photoxidized product were also reported and compared to those of crude oil.
Highlights
The growth in the human population size, with the corresponding higher demands for commercial and personal transportation to support daily activities has led to an increasingly huge production of waste tires
It was found that the waste tire powder contained a sulfur content of 1.54% (w/w), which resulted from vulcanizing agents used in the vulcanization process of tire production
The photocatalytic desulfurization of waste tire pyrolysis oil was carried out using TiO2 as the photocatalyst
Summary
The growth in the human population size, with the corresponding higher demands for commercial and personal transportation to support daily activities has led to an increasingly huge production of waste tires. Waste tires have a high potential for use as a supplemental energy resource aimed at partially or totally replacing conventional fossil fuels. The main drawback of the waste tire-derived fuels that limits their wider application in real combustion processes is the high sulfur content [1.0–1.4% (w/w)] [9]. In the oil refinery industry, the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process removes organosulfur compounds from fossil liquid fuels with high efficiency, but this process is costly to refiners due to the requirement of a high reaction temperature (>300 °C) and a high hydrogen pressure (>2 MPa) in the presence of a precious metal catalysts operated in the large reactor volume to convert sulfur compounds to hydrogen sulfide [10,11]
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