Abstract
The photocatalytic degradation of acridine orange (AO) dye by NaBiO3 photocatalyst under visible light irradiation was investigated systematically. The NaBiO3 photocatalyst exhibited a higher photocatalytic activity compared to the P25 photocatalyst. After 160 min of photocatalytic reaction, the degradation rate of AO could reach to 99% in appropriate conditions. Factors, such as catalyst dosage, solution pH, initial AO concentration and the presence of anions, were found to influence the degradation rate. To scrutinize the mechanistic details of the dye photodegradation, the intermediates of the processes were separated, identified and characterized by the HPLC-ESI-MS technique. The analytical results indicated that the N-de-methylation degradation of AO dye took place in a stepwise manner to yield mono-, di-, tri- and tetra-N-de-methylated AO species generated during the processes. The probable photodegradation pathways were proposed and discussed.
Highlights
Acridine orange (AO) is a heterocyclic dye containing nitrogen atoms, which is widely used in the fields of printing and dyeing, leather, printing ink and lithography [1]
The results clearly show that degradation under visible light irradiation without catalysts for 160 min was negligibly small, compared with the results obtained in the presence of NaBiO3 photocatalysts with different dosages
Our studies suggest that NaBiO3 photocatalysis could be an effective technique for the destruction of AO in aqueous solutions
Summary
Acridine orange (AO) is a heterocyclic dye containing nitrogen atoms, which is widely used in the fields of printing and dyeing, leather, printing ink and lithography [1]. The photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in visible light is extremely low, due to its wide band gap (3.2 eV), which is unable to allow efficient absorption of the most sunlight It can only utilize less than 5% of solar energy [9]. NaBiO3 is a new efficient photocatalyst [10], which was firstly reported by Kako et al Their results indicate that NaBiO3 showed a higher photocatalytic activity towards methylene blue compared to some other visible light-sensitive semiconductor compounds, such as N doped TiO2 and BiVO4. In contrast with the widely studied TiO2 (more than 1500 papers), limited articles have been reported on the degradation of organic compounds under visible light in the presence of NaBiO3. NaBiO3/visible light process, as a foundation for future application of this energy-saving technology
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