Photocatalytic coatings with self-cleaning properties for indoor air treatment

Abstract

In this work we have studied the photocatalytic and self-cleaning properties of TiO2 layers immobilized on polymeric panels, as passive elements for air treatment. In order to achieve easy scale-up technologies for the preparation of coatings, roller-coating technique was selected, comparing the results with those prepared by dip-coating. Composites were characterized by SAXRD, DRS UV–Vis spectroscopy, profilometry, N2 adsorption–desorption, SEM and AFM microscopy. The adherence of the coating was evaluated according the ASTM D3359 standard adhesive tape test. The photocatalytic properties of the materials were evaluated by the photodegradation of trichloroethylene or formaldehyde, as model volatile organic compounds, in the gas phase. The hydrophilic-hydrophobic properties were measured by studying the in-situ variation of the water contact angle with time and UV-A irradiation. Moreover, the self-cleaning properties were analyzed according to ISO 27448:2009 for oleic acid removal. Although coatings of approximately ca. 250 nm layer thickness can be prepared by both techniques, roller-coating allows the material deposition with a coral-like structure in a single and simple step. Surface roughness was promoted by roller process. The materials developed present high photocatalytic performance for the elimination of both model pollutants in the gas phase. Aging tests under outdoor conditions and Scotch tape test show the stability and resistance of the coatings. In-situ irradiation measurements show the superhydrophilic character of the coatings. Water contact angle lower than 10° after 300 min of UV-A irradiation was achieved for oleic acid removal. The combination of TiO2 nanoparticles with different crystal structures and sizes improves the photocatalytic performance. A correlation between the ability for pollutants degradation in gas phase and the self-cleaning properties (in-situ or oleic acid measurements) was determined.