Abstract
The innovation and development of water purification methods have been at the center of extensive research for several decades. Many nanoparticles are frequently seen in industrial waste water. In this research, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) were synthesized following an autocombustion method with and without honey capping. Structural crystallinity and bonding structure were examined via X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Optical behavior was analyzed using ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy and photoluminescence (PL). Size estimation and surface morphology were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) was performed to analyze the sample purity and elemental composition. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) by ZnO was assessed as it is an efficient water treatment process with high potential. The biological activity of ZnO nanoparticles was also investigated in terms of antibacterial and antifungal activities against different bacterial and fungal species. Surprisingly, the as-synthesized ZnO nanoparticles were found to be substantially bioactive compared to conventional drugs. Honey-mediated nanoparticles displayed 86% dye degradation efficiency, and that of bare ZnO was 60%. Therefore, the involvement of honey in the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles has great potential due to its dual applicability in both biological and environmental remediation processes.
Highlights
Water pollutants are hazardous to life on earth and in waters
The results indicate that the stabilization was formed through the interaction of carboxylate ions with amino acid groups on the zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO) nanoparticles
The results clearly indicate the formation of ZnO nanoparticles by honey components such as fructose, glucose, sucrose, proteins, minerals, and vitamins
Summary
Water pollutants are hazardous to life on earth and in waters. Water bodies have been polluted by several sources such as industrial waste, e-waste, medical waste and chemical waste [1]. The II-VI group of ZnO nanoparticles has a high band gap of ~3.37 eV, along with large excitation binding energy (60 meV) [4,5,6,7,8,9,10] These intrinsic properties of zinc oxide enable its application in water purification because of its movable valence band electrons, which is highly favorable for the photodegradation of organic pollutants in water. The present work reports the synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles mediated by honey for photocatalytic MB degradation for the first time Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and three different fungi were studied to analyze the nanoparticles’ antibacterial and antifungal activities, respectively.
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