Abstract
Abstract The biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with pinecone extract (PCE) as a reducing agent and antibacterial agent was explored. The current study aims to investigate the biosynthesis of ZnO NPs and their effect on photocatalytic dye degradation and antimicrobial properties. The physical, chemical, and morphological properties of biogenic ZnO NPs synthesized using PCE were investigated using advanced spectroscopy techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis, selected area electron diffraction (SAED), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue was measured spectrophotometrically using biogenic ZnO NPs as nanocatalysts, and decolonization of solution indicates dye degradation gradually as exposure duration increases. The antimicrobial properties of ZnONPs against the tested pathogenic strains were demonstrated using the disc diffusion method. The antimicrobial efficacy of ZnONPs was further explained using molecular docking analysis. Confirmation of the lowest binding energy was used to predict receptor binding site with NPs in order to understand the mechanistic approach. ZnONPs are likely to interact with pathogens via mechanical enfolding, which could be one of the major toxicity actions of ZnONPs against strains. Furthermore, the nontoxicity and biocompatibility of ZnO NPs were studied, revealing impressive hemocompatibility with red blood cells (RBCs) and no significant toxicity to Brine shrimps at lower ZnONP concentrations.
Highlights
The biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with pinecone extract (PCE) as a reducing agent and antibacterial agent was explored
The X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique was used to investigate the crystallographic characteristics of ZnO NPs within 2θ = 10–80 utilizing the XRD apparatus (Rigaku, Japan) with a Copper Line Focus X-ray tube producing Kα radiation (Cu LFF = 1.540598 Å) as a radiation source
The size of the biogenic ZnO NPS particles was calculated using the Debye–Scherrer equation (D = Kλ/(β cos θ); where D is the size of crystalline, λ is the X-ray wavelength, β is the full line width at the half maximum (FWHM), and θ is the Bragg’s angle
Summary
Abstract: The biogenic synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with pinecone extract (PCE) as a reducing agent and antibacterial agent was explored. The biocompatibility of NP is obviously critical for any therapeutic application Assessing their potential cytotoxicity, either because of their shape (e.g., needle-like carbon nanotubes), chemical composition (e.g., heavy metals), properties (e.g., carbon nanotubes that have reached the lungs are significantly more toxic than carbon black and graphite), or the interaction of the nanoparticle surface with the cells, is a key issue in evaluating their biocompatibility [22,23,24,25,26,27]. This study demonstrated that ZnO NPs are a promising, extraordinarily efficient, and stable photocatalyst for degrading organic dye molecules at room temperature with visible light illumination Due to their environmentally friendly manufacture, the nontoxicity and biocompatibility of ZnO NPs were examined as viable choices for biomedical and environmental applications
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