Abstract
Anatase TiO2 are the most widely used photocatalysts because of their unique electronic, optical and catalytic properties. Surface chemistry plays a very important role in the various applications of anatase TiO2 especially in the catalysis, photocatalysis, energy conversion and energy storage. Control of the surface structure by crystal facet engineering has become an important strategy for tuning and optimizing the physicochemical properties of TiO2. For anatase TiO2, the {001} crystal facets are the most reactive because they exhibit unique surface characteristics such as visible light responsiveness, dissociative adsorption, efficient charge separation capabilities and photocatalytic selectivity. In this review, a concise survey of the literature in the field of {001} dominated anatase TiO2 crystals and their composites is presented. To begin, the existing strategies for the synthesis of {001} dominated anatase TiO2 and their composites are discussed. These synthesis strategies include both fluorine-mediated and fluorine-free synthesis routes. Then, a detailed account of the effect of {001} facets on the physicochemical properties of TiO2 and their composites are reviewed, with a particular focus on photocatalysis and Li-ion batteries applications. Finally, an outlook is given on future strategies discussing the remaining challenges for the development of {001} dominated TiO2 nanomaterials and their potential applications.
Highlights
When coupled with carbon-based materials, TiO2-001-based composites show excellent properties, such as high surface area, high absorptivity of dyes and high charge separation [28,29]. These properties make them applicable for many areas of science and technology ranging from adsorption, catalysis and to biomedicine, environmental monitoring and cleanup, energy can con-be or photocatalysis photovoltaic cells, lithium/sodium ion batteries, Li–S batteries and gas sensing version and storage, etc
Hole pairs, while Ni doping restrains the increase of grain growth and leads to crystal expansion, retarding the recombination of charge carriers and resulting in the faster degradation of methyl orange (MO) compared with single ion doping or undoped TiO2 under UV light
The results indicated that the photocatalytic activities of these composites were significantly improved following the incorporation of reduced graphene oxide (RGO), under visible light irradiation [136]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Exploring the application of the high energetic {001} facets of titania is a recent venture in TiO2 photocatalysis [10,11,12,13]. When coupled with carbon-based materials, TiO2-001-based composites show excellent properties, such as high surface area, high absorptivity of dyes and high charge separation [28,29]. These properties make them applicable for many areas of science and technology ranging from adsorption, catalysis and to biomedicine, environmental monitoring and cleanup, energy can con-be or photocatalysis photovoltaic cells, lithium/sodium ion batteries, Li–S batteries and gas sensing version and storage, etc [30,31].
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