Abstract
The aim is to evaluate the effects of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the guided bone regeneration process (GBR) in defects in the calvaria of rats filled with biphasic calcium phosphate associated with fibrin biopolymer. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly separated: BMG (n = 10), defects filled with biomaterial and covered by membrane; BFMG (n = 10), biomaterial and fibrin biopolymer covered by membrane; and BFMLG (n = 10), biomaterial and fibrin biopolymer covered by membrane and biostimulated with PBMT. The animals were euthanized at 14 and 42 days postoperatively. Microtomographically, in 42 days, there was more evident bone growth in the BFMLG, limited to the margins of the defect with permanence of the particles. Histomorphologically, an inflammatory infiltrate was observed, which regressed with the formation of mineralized bone tissue. In the quantification of bone tissue, all groups had a progressive increase in new bone tissue with a significant difference in which the BFMLG showed greater bone formation in both periods (10.12 ± 0.67 and 13.85 ± 0.54), followed by BFMG (7.35 ± 0.66 and 9.41 ± 0.84) and BMG (4.51 ± 0.44 and 7.11 ± 0.44). Picrosirius-red staining showed greater birefringence of collagen fibers in yellow-green color in the BFMLG, showing more advanced bone maturation. PBMT showed positive effects capable of improving and accelerating the guided bone regeneration process when associated with biphasic calcium phosphate and fibrin biopolymer.
Highlights
Bone has a high intrinsic capacity for regeneration as part of the repair process in response to injuries and in degenerative diseases, restoring its original structure and mechanical properties [1,2]
The results of the present study showed that photobiomodulation therapy associated with biphasic calcium phosphate and fibrin biopolymer contributed to guided bone regeneration by defects in the calvaria of rats
The use of photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) on the guided bone regeneration (GBR) in defects filled with two scaffolds, the biphasic calcium phosphate and fibrin biopolymer, was evaluated in this in vivo study
Summary
Bone has a high intrinsic capacity for regeneration as part of the repair process in response to injuries and in degenerative diseases, restoring its original structure and mechanical properties [1,2]. When the skeletal architecture is compromised, due to extensive bone defects, trauma, infections, tumor resection, skeletal abnormalities, avascular necrosis, and osteoporosis, bone regeneration becomes limited [3]. When bone repair is impaired or insufficient, reconstructive treatments are needed to assist the compromised physiological process, with autologous grafting being the main technique employed, due to its combined properties of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction [4]. In an attempt to replace the autogenous graft, alloplastic biomaterials have been a viable alternative, due to the possibility of optimizing their physical characteristics, obtaining materials with satisfactory osteoconductive properties [3,6]. With the knowledge that biomaterials do not possess the properties of osteogenesis, osteoinduction, and osteoconduction, which are fundamental for the regenerative process, researchers have made an association between them in order to obtain synergistic effects. Many studies have analyzed the incorporation of biomaterials into three-dimensional matrices, such as natural biopolymers, most commonly fibrin sealants [9,10,11]
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