Abstract
Myocardial infarction refers to myocardial necrosis caused by acute or persistent coronary ischemia and hypoxia. It is considered to be one of the significant crises threatening human health in the world. Following myocardial infarction, collagen gradually replaces the original tissue due to the loss of many cardiomyocytes, myocardial contractile function decreases, and myocardial fibrosis eventually leads to heart failure. Phototherapy is a new treatment which has shown superior efficacy on the nerve, skeletal muscle, skin, and other tissues. Likewise, there is growing evidence that phototherapy also has many positive effects on the heart. Therefore, this article introduces the progress of research on phototherapy as a new therapeutic strategy in the treatment of myocardial infarction. The wavelength of photobiomodulation in the treatment of myocardial infarction is specific, and the influence of light source power and light duration on the tissue presents a bell-shaped distribution. Under these conditions, phototherapy can promote ATP synthesis and angiogenesis, inhibit the inflammatory response, improve heart function, reduce infarct size, and protect myocardium. In addition, we summarized the molecular mechanisms of phototherapy. According to the location of photoreceptors, they can be divided into mitochondrial and nonmitochondrial parts.
Highlights
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as myocardial necrosis caused by acute or persistent coronary ischemia and hypoxia
It is generally difficult to achieve a balance between inflammation and repair, such as excessive delays in the inflammatory phase or early remission of the repair phase, which will lead to aggravated myocardial injury, often characterized by left ventricular distention, ventricular wall thinning, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial dysfunction, tissue inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, calcium overload, and abnormal energy metabolism [7]
The light source equipment of PBM in MI is classified as coherent laser and incoherent semiconductor light-emitting diodes (LED)
Summary
Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined as myocardial necrosis caused by acute or persistent coronary ischemia and hypoxia. It is considered one of the major crises to human health worldwide [1, 2]. Myocardial remodeling after MI is a complicated process accompanied by an inflammatory phase which usually occurs 1-3 days after MI [5]. Many new technologies have been developed for the treatment of MI These treatments have been progressively upgraded from basic coronary event monitoring to aggressive prevention and treatment of potential coronary artery thrombosis [9]. A noninvasive, nonpharmacological, and clinically applicable technical approach to improve myocardial ischemia and ensure the survival rate of patients with MI is urgently needed
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