Abstract
The application of light in various therapeutic settings known as Photobiomodulation (PBM) is well established. Indications are the improvement of wound healing and tissue regeneration, scarring, and perfusion as well as pain therapy. Tissue perfusion is mandatory for successful wound healing. Nevertheless, there is a lack of mechanistic studies. We investigate the potential effect of PBM from light emitting diodes (LED) at 635 nm, 80 mW/cm2, 24 J/cm2 on angiogenesis in a two-part study: 1.) Investigation of the effect of PBM on the proliferation of endothelial cells and on vasculogenesis in a co-culture model of endothelial cells and stem cells. 2.) Investigation of the influence of PBM at chick egg chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays with fresh human skin xenografts. In both study phases, we observed a stimulating effect of PBM at 635 nm; in part 1: for proliferation of HUVEC (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) (25833 ± 12859 versus 63002 ± 35760 cells/well, p < 0.05, for cellular network formation (2.1 ± 2.1 versus 4.6 ± 3.5, p < 0.05) and for less cell compactness p = 0.01; in part 2: for the increase of number of vessel junctions per ROI (region of interest) (15.9 ± 2.6 versus 20.8 ± 5.4, p < 0.05). Our results suggest significant promotion of angiogenesis by PBM at 635 nm in vitro and in vivo.
Highlights
The clinical application of different forms of light is commonly known as Photobiomodulation (PBM)
We studied the effect on the formation of tubule-like structures in a co-culture model of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and adipose-derived stem cells (ASC)
In a 3D co-culture model of Green fluorescent protein (GFP)-HUVEC and human ASC in a fibrin matrix the PBM treated group displayed a trend towards increased formation of vascular tubes
Summary
The clinical application of different forms of light is commonly known as Photobiomodulation (PBM). Recent research typically focuses on the effect of light of different wavelengths, power and energy densities on tissue regeneration, blood perfusion, scarring, anti-inflammatory properties, angiogenesis and pain therapy[1,2,3,4]. Considering the fact that increased blood flow and angiogenesis are crucial factors in the course of wound healing, this study aims to investigate a potential stimulating effect of PBM, of LED light of 635 nm at a pulse frequency of 2.5 Hz and a duty cycle of 50%, on angiogenesis. The effects on angiogenesis were investigated in the CAM assay This is the first controlled study to analyze the effect of LED light of 635 nm at a pulse frequency of 2.5 Hz and a duty cycle of 50% on angiogenesis using CAM
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