Abstract
There is a hypothesis that augmentation of the drainage and clearing function of the meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing neurological diseases. Here we investigate mechanisms of photobiomodulation (PBM, 1267 nm) of lymphatic drainage and clearance. Our results obtained at optical coherence tomography (OCT) give strong evidence that low PBM doses (5 and 10 J/cm2) stimulate drainage function of the lymphatic vessels via vasodilation (OCT data on the mesenteric lymphatics) and stimulation of lymphatic clearance (OCT data on clearance of gold nanorods from the brain) that was supported by confocal imaging of clearance of FITC-dextran from the cortex via MLVs. We assume that PBM-mediated relaxation of the lymphatic vessels can be possible mechanisms underlying increasing the permeability of the lymphatic endothelium that allows molecules transported by the lymphatic vessels and explain PBM stimulation of lymphatic drainage and clearance. These findings open new strategies for the stimulation of MLVs functions and non-pharmacological therapy of brain diseases.
Highlights
The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) of rodents [1,2], non-human primates and humans [3] have recentlydiscovered and characterized, the role of these vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) function and in pathologies remains unclear
Our results obtained at optical coherence tomography (OCT) give strong evidence that low PBM doses (5 and 10 J/cm2) stimulate drainage function of the lymphatic vessels via vasodilation (OCT data on the mesenteric lymphatics) and stimulation of lymphatic clearance (OCT data on clearance of gold nanorods from the brain) that was supported by confocal imaging of clearance of FITC-dextran from the cortex via MLVs
Using of our original method based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis of clearance of gold nanorods (GNRs) from the brain, we have proposed a possible mechanism underlying tPBM-stimulating effects on clearance of beta-amyloid via the lymphatic system of the brain and the neck
Summary
The meningeal lymphatic vessels (MLVs) of rodents [1,2], non-human primates and humans [3] have recently (re)discovered and characterized, the role of these vessels in the central nervous system (CNS) function and in pathologies remains unclear. There is pioneering data suggesting that disruption of MLVs is an aggravating factor in the development of Alzheimer’s disease and promotes amyloid-β deposition in the meninges, which resembles human pathology [8]. Based on these data, it has been assumed that augmentation of drainage and clearing function of MLVs might be a promising therapeutic target for preventing or delaying Alzheimer’s disease [8]. In the couple of decades, the main strategies for a treatment of AD will be non-invasive methods of stimulation of clearance of the toxic beta-amyloid from the brain tissues
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