Abstract
The paper provides an overview on the use of photoacoustic sensors based on semiconductor laser sources for the detection of trace gases. We review the results obtained using standard, differential and quartz enhanced photoacoustic techniques.
Highlights
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a widely used method for trace gas detection
To access fundamental molecular-vibrational bands in the mid infrared (MIR) frequency modulation (FM) schemes have been demonstrated with quantum cascade lasers [21], which offer similar advantages to diode lasers in terms of ease of modulation
Quartz enhanced photoacoustic spectroscopy (QEPAS) studies reported to date have been performed mostly using a wavelength modulation technique at half the quartz tuning fork (QTF) resonance frequency with second-harmonic (2f) detection especially for target analytes with well-resolved absorption lines
Summary
Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a widely used method for trace gas detection. It is based on the photoacoustic (PA) effect, [1], i.e., the conversion of light to sound in all materials (solids, liquids and gases). Enhanced the detection sensitivity of the PA system to parts per million (ppm) levels This was possible even with radiation sources of low spectral brightness since PAS directly measures the absorbed energy in a sample, rather than the transmitted radiation as in the conventional spectroscopies. In this paper we will provide a brief overview of semiconductor laser-based photoacoustic sensors for the detection of trace gases; in particular, the results obtained using standard, differential and quartz enhanced photoacoustic techniques will be reported
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